Therefore STSD may also be referred to as secondary PTSD. They include the same symptoms which occur in PTSD and are experienced by people directly exposed to trauma. STS symptoms are related to thoughts, emotions, and behaviors resulting from the knowledge about traumatic events experienced by others but also from engagement in helping the trauma victims. has a slightly softer overtone than secondary traumatic stress but most often these terms are treated as synonyms. This concept, as underlined by Tosone et al. Vicarious traumatization means the transformation of the internal experience of helpers resulting from their therapeutic work for the client. This term was introduced by McCann and Pearlman to describe the changes in the therapist’s worldview which occur as a result of empathic engagement in helping patients who experienced trauma. Another term used in relation to the discussed phenomenon is the Vicarious Traumatization (VT).
Yet, while helping others they also become trauma victims. Figley stressed that these professionals are the first to ease the pain and suffering of people who experienced trauma. It was initially used in relation to nurses and then broadened to therapists and other professionals dealing with the mental health of people who were exposed to traumatic events. The introduction of secondary traumatic stress was preceded by the notion of compassion fatigue. It is defined as the behavioral and emotional outcomes experienced by an individual upon gaining knowledge of another person’s stressful experiences. The notion of secondary traumatic stress was popularized by Charles Figley who described it as stress connected with helping other suffering people or trauma victims. Some authors describe that STS, defined as stress resulting from helping or willing to help individuals experiencing trauma, may lead to secondary post-traumatic stress disorder persistence of high STS symptoms allows for the diagnosis of STSD. Exposure to indirect trauma may be connected with various mental health disorders, above all Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS), which is also described as Secondary Traumatic Stress Disorder (STSD). Witnessing the death of patients as well as the necessity to conduct difficult conversations with patients and their families causes stress and negative emotions as well as their suffering in many of them. A special place among them has the representatives of the medical personnel who are often the first to contact trauma victims. Secondary trauma concern professionals who provide assistance to trauma victims and sufferers.
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In the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), the etiological factor (experience of a traumatic event) was extended to include indirect exposure to a traumatic event. People who professionally help trauma victims are indirectly exposed to it themselves.
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